天行九歌

近年来，随着电子竞技行业的正规化发展，电竞逐渐被大众熟知和认可，很多高校也纷纷增设电竞专业课程，职业化的电竞赛事顺势崛起，掀起一轮电竞热潮。这其中，5EPlay作为国内最早一批引入国际性《反恐精英：全球攻势》（CS:GO）电竞赛事的平台之一，自CS:GO上线之日起便开始进行大小CS:GO电竞赛事的报道与内容引进，现已与众多国际知名赛事品牌合作主办或承办过主赛事及地区预选赛。    Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza.

Is Israel bound by the rules of war?

Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.

How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?

Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."

What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?

Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。据其官网显示，5EPlay是杭州赛凡科技有限公司（以下简称“赛凡科技”）旗下三大核心产品之一，是目前全亚洲最大的FPS游戏CS:GO主题门户。而赛凡科技旗下的另一个产品5E对战平台2016年一经上线便很快成为专业的CS:GO对战平台，吸引了亚洲各国CS:GO职业选手和顶级战队长期驻扎于此。最终，通过一系列的资源整合，赛凡科技还为赛事组织提供整套CS:GO比赛自动化流程方案。然而，时代数据发现，这家公司的实际业务可能并不是官网所描述的那样。多名5E用户向时代数据投诉称，赛凡科技旗下5E对战平台存在抽奖活动涉嫌赌博、宣传涉赌网站等情况。

B | 对此，时代数据7月13日给赛凡科技发去了采访函，但截至发稿并未收到官方对采访问题的回应。

C | 待记者致电公司时，电话一直未有人接听。5E对战平台抽奖活动涉嫌赌博据投诉称，5E对战平台近期利用CSGO Blast赛事直播通过弹幕口令抽奖、掉落赛事抽奖券等形式将玩家引导去5E对战平台客户端参与Blast观赛掉落活动赢取观赛豪礼，但实际上玩家通过观赛掉落活动获取的抽奖券只能抽取“奇迹造物”奖品，至于其他奖品则需要通过开启活动军需获取。此时，开启活动军需则需要消耗活动货币，也与5E对战平台往期的抽奖活动军需一致。这其中，所消耗的活动货币只是增加了该奖品的开出概率，且需要通过平台内的5E币兑换活动货币。当5E币余额不足时，会提示玩家通过现金充值获得5E币后，再兑换活动货币参与开启活动军需。

D | 此外，上述玩家还表示，在Blast赛事期间，5EPlay官网主页上同步宣传GGplay网站有免费饰品奖励获取，将玩家引导去GGplay网站，参与GGplay网站的赛事竞猜，但该竞猜需要用到GGPLAY网站内的“预言卡”道具。而“预言卡”道具又需要通过开启GGPLAY网站内的“卡片盲盒”获取，开启“卡片盲盒”则需要现金充值G币获取。

E | 尽管，国内对于电竞平台付费抽奖活动和电竞赛事付费竞猜没有明确的界定，但抽奖活动和赛事竞猜以青少年为主要受众，具有一定程度的上瘾性，青少年往往心智还不成熟，一旦沉溺其中将会无法自拔。平台乱象丛生，抽军需概率不明、置换价值减少、未成年冒名充值据第三方投诉平台黑猫投诉显示，截至7月14日下午，关于5E对战平台的投诉累计达到729条，其中仅有10条投诉获得回复、5条投诉显示已完成。

F | 其中，有玩家投诉“5E军需骗钱”，称平台让人无限充值抽奖军需，抽到的东西又可置换成道具然后继续抽奖，无限循环，而且没抽到过好东西，已经把工资全部充进去了，希望平台能退款；也有玩家投诉质疑称，“5e军需概率不真实”，起初在5e军需开箱先充了点小钱开能开到好的，然后越充钱越开的烂，于是开了分解开了分解，最后什么都没有了。

G | 同时，还有玩家表示，“军需库置换骗人”，称在5e军需库花了（10游戏币）一百多元中了（60游戏币）500元的东西，但不喜欢准备置换成游戏币，需要通过在5E商城购买别的东西进行提取，于是花了40游戏币（240元）左右换了两把价值19.8游戏币（120元）的军需，取回到背包后却只值9游戏币（54元）。

H | 在整个置换过程中并没有任何提示会减少军需的游戏币价值。此外，还有多名家长反映，家里的未成年小孩在家长不知情的情况下偷偷利用家长信息注册5E对战平台，并不停往里充钱抽奖军需，他们有的找过客服，客服说是成年人账号不予退款。公司及子公司曾多次被行政处罚据时代数据调查，赛凡科技曾在2019年10月9日因网络运营者不履行网络信息安全管理义务遭到两次行政处罚。据悉，赛凡科技因未加强对其用户发布的信息的管理，在其网站上发布法律、行政法规禁止发布或者传输的信息且未立即停止传输该信息，采取消除等处置措施，防止信息扩散，构成违反《网络安全法》第四十七条的违法行为，给予责令改正并处警告的行政处罚。与此同时，赛凡科技子公司杭州易玩科技有限公司（以下简称“易玩科技”）曾在2019年6月5日、2019年12月27日先后违反《网络安全法》、《杭州市计算机信息网络安全保护管理条例》遭到行政处罚，处罚原因依旧与未加强对其用户发布的信息的管理有关，在其网站上制作、发布、传播含有法律、法规禁止的内容且未立即删除违法内容。但是，在公司及子公司被行政处罚的第二年，公司网站依然存在含有法律、法规禁止的用户言论。

I | 据浙江网信2020年12月21日披露的一则匿名举报显示，杭州赛凡科技有限公司网站含恐怖暴力色情言论，经监管部门处理，举报内容已由网站删除。背后神秘运营人据天眼查数据显示，赛凡科技成立于2011年6月23日，注册资本1000万元，实缴资本142.8571万元，法定代表人为徐斌。同时，徐斌也是公司第一大股东，持有公司54.4%的股份并担任董事长、经理；而公司另一位股东曹宇则持有公司45.6%的股份并担任总经理。但随着调查的深入，时代数据发现这家公司原本不属于这两人。在徐斌进入赛凡科技之前，是易玩科技的创始人之一，于2015年8月7日成立易玩科技。

J | 2016年3月2日，易玩科技被赛凡科技全资收购，徐斌进入赛凡科技；2016年12月，徐斌首次参股公司，持有公司35.00001%的股份，与时任董事长兼总经理邵峰同为并列第一大股东，后经两轮增持，持股比例变为54.4%。另一边，曹宇进入公司较晚，于2020年7月成为公司股东，持股比例45.6%。

K | 在进入公司之前，曹宇曾为深圳趣凡网络科技有限公司（以下简称“趣凡网络”）股东、总经理。据悉，趣凡网络主营移动端社交扑克类游戏，成立于2013年9月13日，法定代表人为张家慧。据悉，趣凡网络曾是国际性扑克锦标赛运营商，在2018年初举办过百万级别德州竞技类型比赛。但是好景不长，互联网棋牌游戏行业很快迎来洗牌。2018年5月8日披露，近期公安部督办侦破一批利用网游平台开设赌场重大案件，北京联众公司多名高管因涉赌被捕，涉赌资金高达3.35亿元。

L | 自此，以德州扑克为代表的棋牌游戏涉赌风波席卷整个行业。2018年8月30日，教育部等八部门发布《综合防控儿童青少年近视实施方案》的通知，其中国家新闻出版署将实施网络游戏总量调控。受此影响，棋牌类游戏最先得到管控，不久后腾讯旗下棋牌类游戏《天天德州》宣布退市。目前，趣凡网络已于2021年5月20日注销。此外，时代数据还发现，在趣凡网络注销前，公司第一大股东为深圳市广天地科技有限公司（以下简称“广天地科技”），持股51%。广天地科技曾为美股上市公司500彩票网（现比特矿业，BTCM.N）境内运营企业，独立开发和运营的在线趣味竞猜手游“疯狂猜球”，“疯狂猜球”虽说是足球趣味竞猜游戏，类似博彩类游戏。

M | 目前，广天地科技的备案网站已经无法正常打开。2022年3月7日，赛凡科技发生工商变更，新增张家慧为公司董事。自此，原趣凡网络的两位核心人员先后进入赛凡科技。（原创 时代数据君 时代数据 题图来源：视觉中国）